Melphalan Tablets are a chemotherapy medication used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. As an alkylating agent, Melphalan works by interfering with the DNA replication process in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth and promoting cell death. This antineoplastic drug is commonly prescribed when cancer has spread or recurred and is also used as part of pre-transplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing bone marrow transplants. Melphalan is known for its efficacy in controlling rapidly dividing cells and is an essential option in the arsenal of oral chemotherapy treatments.
Uses of Melphalan Tablets
Melphalan is most commonly used in the management of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It helps reduce tumor burden, improve blood cell counts, and prolong survival, often used in combination with steroids like prednisone. In ovarian cancer, Melphalan is prescribed when the disease is advanced or resistant to other treatments. It may also be used to treat other cancers off-label, such as amyloidosis or certain types of leukemia, based on physician discretion. Its oral form allows for outpatient cancer care, making it a convenient alternative to intravenous chemotherapy in some cases.
Side Effects of Melphalan Tablets
Melphalan can cause a range of side effects, many of which are related to its effect on bone marrow function. The most common include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Serious side effects involve myelosuppression, leading to low white blood cell counts (increased infection risk), anemia, or thrombocytopenia (increased bleeding tendency). Long-term use or high doses can lead to permanent bone marrow suppression and even secondary malignancies such as leukemia. Hair loss, mouth sores, and changes in liver function are also possible. Close medical monitoring is crucial during treatment to manage these risks effectively.
Drug and Food Interactions
Melphalan has few direct drug-food interactions, but patients are typically advised to take it on an empty stomach to maximize absorption unless instructed otherwise. The drug can interact with other myelosuppressive agents, increasing the risk of bone marrow toxicity. Concomitant use with immunosuppressants or live vaccines may enhance immunosuppression or reduce vaccine effectiveness. Caution is advised when combining Melphalan with nephrotoxic drugs, as impaired kidney function can affect drug clearance. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal products to avoid adverse interactions.
Warnings and Precautions
Melphalan Tablets should be used only under the strict supervision of a qualified oncologist due to its potential toxicity. It is contraindicated in patients with severe bone marrow suppression or hypersensitivity to the drug. Regular blood counts, liver and kidney function tests, and monitoring for signs of infection or bleeding are necessary throughout treatment. Melphalan is highly teratogenic and should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely essential; effective contraception is required for both men and women during and after treatment. Breastfeeding should also be avoided. Due to the risk of secondary cancers and long-term toxicity, the benefits and risks should be carefully weighed before initiating therapy.
Conclusion
Melphalan Tablets offer a potent and effective option for treating multiple myeloma and advanced ovarian cancer, particularly when other treatments have failed or are not tolerated. While the drug is associated with significant side effects, careful dosing and close monitoring allow many patients to derive substantial benefits. As a cornerstone of oral chemotherapy in certain cancers, Melphalan remains a critical agent in oncology, providing patients with hope for extended remission and improved quality of life under expert medical guidance.
